Interpersonal Violence

Defining Interpersonal Violence

Interpersonal violence refers to a broad spectrum of harmful behaviors that occur within relationships where one person seeks to gain or maintain power and control over another. It goes beyond physical harm and can take many forms, including sexual violence, threats, intimidation, stalking, and isolation. Non-physical forms of abuse—such as emotional manipulation, psychological intimidation, verbal degradation, and financial control—are equally damaging and often leave deep, lasting impacts.

Interpersonal violence is not limited to romantic or intimate partnerships. It can occur between family members, caregivers and dependents, friends, or acquaintances. In every case, the common thread is the misuse of power to dominate or diminish another person’s autonomy and safety.

This type of violence cuts across all lines of identity and circumstance. It can affect people of any age, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, income level, or background. Survivors may face not only immediate harm but also long-term effects on their health, mental well-being, financial stability, and ability to thrive in their communities.

Recognizing the many forms that interpersonal violence can take is a first step toward prevention and response. By naming and addressing these behaviors, communities can work together to support survivors, hold people who cause harm accountable, and build safer, more equitable relationships and environments.